Neanderthals.

Neanderthals disappeared from the earth.

Neanderthals were undoubtedly humans of cold Ice Age. They appeared of about 30,000 years ago in the earth. Body structure and behaviors of Neanderthals are little similar to modern humans. The comparison between human and Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA shows that they were different species than modern humans. They were just a sub species of modern humans and had some of the heavy features of an ape. Neanderthals had a significant difference in form and structure, especially in their skulls and teeth. They were shorter in height and smaller in size than Humans. They had thicker bones, shorter limbs, an asymmetrical humerus, barrel chest and thicker metacarpals. The brain of a Neanderthal had a raised larynx, and was also bigger than that of the modern Humans. The human child’s growth rate is slower than that of the Neanderthal child, as they used to grow rapidly from infants to adults.Presence of a hyoid bone in their throats also suggested that they could speak. They were good hunters, they expertly made stone tools and hunt animals, controlled fire as well. They lived with complex social groups in stone caves and buried their dead. With the arrival of modern humans in Europe with better brains and more sophisticated tools they started to vanish. Around 35,000 years ago temperatures started to decline and the most recent Neanderthal remains in southern seaside caves in Spain. Roughly 30,000 years ago, the Neanderthals totally disappeared.

History of Rome.

Romulus and Remus.

Story of the first Roman King "Romulus" and how he start Rome.

Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. When they were babies theirs parents put them into a basket and then placed into the River Tiber, left them to die. The basket ran towards ground and a something interesting happened in this story, a she-wolf found them and took care a short time before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd brought up the twins. When the twins grew up they came back to the wonderful place by the river where they had almost died and they decided to build a new city. Romulus built his settlements on the Palatine hill and Remus built on the Aventine hill in about 750 BC, so that the others who were homeless they might have a place to live. At first it was a tiny village, surrounded by lots of little villages. Remus grew jealous of Romulus and mocked the size of the walls he had built, so Romulus killed him. Then he named the city after himself as "Rome" and was a crowned king. King Romulus found himself ruling a Rome with too few women (however not enough wives for all men) is impossible and so Romulus decided to steal women from the Sabines, an Italian tribe. He proclaimed a festival and many of the neighbouring Sabines women were invited. In the festival Romulus and his Romans rushed in and carried off the women for their true intentions, taking possession of the unmarried Sabine women by force and claiming them as brides. which became the famous "Rape of the Sabine women" in history.Then the Sabine men were furious and led war on Romulus. The Sabine town was ruled by king Titus Tatius. When the fighting had reached its peak, the Sabine women, who had grown fond of their Roman husbands, rushed between the ranks and begged both sides to make peace. So the battle was stopped, Romulus and Titus Tatius ruled together over the two peoples until. After some time Titus Tatius was killed in battle. For the rest of his life Romulus ruled alone, proving himself a great leader in peace and war. He did not die but disappeared one day at the age of 54 in a violent storm. While he was performing a ritual sacrifice to the gods at the river a thunderstorm struck. The people ran for cover from the rain, leaving Romulus and the senators Julius Proculus behind. When they returned Romulus had vanished. The Romans believing he had been taken up to heaven.

Tethys Ocean between India and China about 70 million years ago.

According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, Indian plate split off from Gondwanaland about 90 million years ago in Cretaceous period. Than it fused with the Australian Plate and named "Indo-Australian plate". After that it began moves towards north, at about 20 cm per year and collided with the Eurasian Plate. The collision began in the Upper Cretaceous period about 70 million years ago, before it collides there was a Tethys Ocean between India and China. About 50 million years ago, this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Eurasian Plate. Geologists suggested that the reason the Indian Plate moved so quickly is that it is only half as thick as the other plates which formerly constituted Gondwanaland. Due to this collision the sedimentary and metamorphic rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges had uplifted and formed a mountain ranges known as "Himalayas". These Himalayas are among the youngest mountain ranges on the world. Mount Everest (8848 m) the highest peak of the world of Nepal and the Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision. The Indo-Australian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan plateau, which forces the plateau to move upwards. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by trusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year. The Indo-Australian plate is still moving at 5 cm per year, while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 cm per year. This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the India Plate to compress at a rate of 4 mm per year and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1500 km into Asia.

Hitler and his life story.

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in a small town Braunau, Austrian near to the German border. His father was Alois. Alois was a civil servant. Alois wanted Hitler to join the civil service. Hitler’s mother was Clara. She was very caring and loving and she frequently took Hitler’s side when his father’s poor temper got the better of him. Hitler was not popular at school and he made few friends. He was lazy and he rarely excelled at school work. Alois died when Hitler was thirteen and so there was no strong influence to keep him at school when he was older. After doing very badly in his exams, Hitler left school at the age of fifteen. His mother, as always, supported her son’s actions even though Hitler left school without any qualifications. His life was shattered when, aged 18, his mother died of cancer. The Vienna Academy of Art, rejected his application as "he had no School Leaving Certificate". His drawings which he presented as evidence of his ability, were rejected as they had too few people in them. He spent his time painting post cards which he hoped to sell and clearing pathways of snow. Then Hitler tried to join the Austrian Army. He failed his medical, years of poor food and sleeping rough. His medical report stated that he was too weak to actually carry weapons. In August 1914, World War One was declared. Hitler crossed over the border to Germany where he was fit to be in the German Army.There he was a regimental runner. This was a dangerous job as it exposed Hitler to a lot of enemy fire. His task was to carry messages to officers behind the front line, and then return to the front line with orders. His fellow soldiers did not like Hitler as he frequently spoke out about the glories of trench warfare. He was promoted and awarded Germany’s highest award for bravery " the Iron Cross". In all Hitler won six medals for bravery. In October 1918, just one month before the end of the war, Hitler was blinded by a gas attack at Ypres. While he was recovering in hospital, Germany surrendered. Hitler was devastated.
During this time, he served as an intelligence agent for the military authorities, in the course of which he attended a meeting of the tiny German Workers Party in 1919. He later joined the party, became its leader and changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party, later called the Nazi Party. In 1920, the 25 Points of the Nazi Party were proclaimed, one of which called for the removal of the Jews from German society. In 1923, Hitler was imprisoned for nine months, during which time he dictated his book 'Mein Kampf' outlining his political ideology. On his release he began to rebuild the Nazi Party and used new techniques of mass communication, backed up with violence, to get his message across. Against a background of economic depression and political turmoil, the Nazis grew stronger and in the 1932 elections became the largest party in the German parliament. In January 1933, Hitler became chancellor of a coalition government. He quickly took dictatorial powers and began to institute anti-Jewish laws. He also began the process of German militarisation and territorial expansion that would eventually lead to World War Two. He allied with Italy and later Japan to create the Axis. Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 began World War Two. After military successes in Denmark, Norway and Western Europe, but after failing to subdue Britain in 1941, Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Jewish populations of the countries conquered by the Nazis were rounded up and killed. Millions of others whom the Nazis considered racially inferior were also killed or worked to death. In December 1941, Hitler declared war on the United States. The war on the eastern front drained Germany's resources and in June 1944, the British and Americans landed in France. With Soviet troops poised to take the German capital, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin on 30 April 1945.

Stonehenge of Wiltshire, England.

Stonehenge is a prehistoric, mysterious circular setting of large standing stones. Stonehenge is located in the Wiltshire, about 3.2 kilometers west of Amesbury and 13 kilometers north of Salisbury in southern England. Archaeologists had believed that the native Neolithic people at bronze age began construction of Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago. The famous stones that still stand today. They used deer antlers as picks to dig the holes and shaped the stones with Sarsen hammer. Stonehenge was built in three phases that consisting of over 30 million hours of labor. The larger stones are 7 feet tall and weight 50 tons each, brought from about 20 miles away from the Marlborough Downs. The smaller stones, called Bluestones, were brought from the Preseli Mountains in South Wales, nearly 250 miles away. There are no written records as to why Stonehenge was built. There are many theories but no confirmations. Some theory it was a place of dying, while others theory it was aplace of healing. Some reason Stonehenge was built for human sacrifice while others speculate it's all about astronomy. Some think it is a solar calendar that predicted the sunrise, sunset, eclipse, moonsets and moonrise while others reckon it as a place for worship. The circle and its banks were like a part of a huge astronomical calendar. Some authors state the supernatural must have played a part in the construction of Stonehenge reasoning the stones were too heavy making impossible for anyone to move and carry therefore makingStonehenge a much bigger mystery. The reasoning for Stonehenge remains a mystery.

King Peter of Russia.

Peter the great was born on 9 June, 1672 in Moscow. Peter was the son of Tzar Alexis. After the death of Alexis. In 1682, at the age of 10, Peter was proclaimed Tzar, but due to a power struggle between different political forces he had to rule together with his brother Ivan under the patronage of his sister Sofia. In 1689, after the failure of a coup d'etat, Sofia was overthrown and exiled to a convent. When tzar Ivan died in 1696, Peter remained monarch. Peter toured Europe and educated himself in western culture and science, then returned to Russia and introduced military, civil and social reforms to make Russia more like Europe. He invited the best European engineers, shipbuilders, architects, craftsmen and merchants to come to Russia. Hundreds of Russians were sent to Europe to get the best education and learn different arts and crafts. One of the Peter's main goals was to regain access to the Baltic Sea and Baltic trade. He spent much of his time fighting wars, first against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire, then against the Swedes in the Great Northern War in 1700, which lasted for 21 years. At the end of the war Russia was victorious and he succeeded in conquering land on the Baltic Sea. Russia gained access to European trade and St. Petersburg became her major sea port. where he founded St. Petersburg. A gateway to Europe, St. Petersburg became the new capital of Russia. Russia was declared an Empire and Peter the Great proclaimed himself its Emperor. Meanwhile, Peter continued his political and economic reforms. It has to be said that Peter was also very cruel. Several coup attempts against him ended with mass executions. In 1724, Peter had his second wife, Catherine, crowned as Empress, although he remained Russia's actual ruler. Peter the Great had fourteen children but just three of them surviving to adulthood. His eldest child was Alexei. Alexei had been tortured and killed on Peter's orders in 1718 because he had disobeyed his father and opposed official policies. At the same time, Alexei's mother Eudoxia had also been punished. Peter died between four and five in the morning 8 February 1725. An autopsy revealed his bladder to be infected with gangrene. He was fifty-two years, seven months old when he died.

Black hole.

A black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing can escape after having fallen past the event horizon, even light is unable to escape from it. Light rendering the interior invisible. It is impossible to see a black hole directly because no light can escape from them, they are black. So black holes have never been directly observed. Black holes are presently understood, and are described by Einstein`s theory of general relativity. This theory predicts that when a large enough amount of mass is present with in a sufficiently small region of space, all paths through space are warped inwards towards the center of the volume, forcing all matter and radiation to fall inward.
When a large star has burnt all its fuel it explodes into a supernova. The stuff that is left collapses down to an extremely dense object known as a neutron star. If the neutron star is too large, the gravitational forces overwhelm the pressure gradients and collapse cannot be halted. The neutron star continues to shrink until it finally becomes a black hole.
A supernova occurs in our galaxy once every 300 years, and in neighboring galaxies about 500 neutron stars have been identified. Therefore we are quite confident that there should also be some black holes and it is now believed that at the center of each galaxy there is a super-massive black hole that is millions to billions of times heavier than our sun.

Bermuda Triangle

The Bermuda Triangle, is a region in the western part of the North Atlentic Ocian in which a number of aircraft, ships are alleged to have mysteriously disappeared and cannot be explained however as human error , piracy, equipment farlure, or natural disasters. The boundaries of the triangle cover the Straits of Florida, the Bahamas and the entire Caribean island area and the Atlantic east to the Azores. An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of vast fields of methane hydrates gas which produce of frothy water that are no longer capable of providing adequate buoyancy for ships.

Pyramid of Egypt and King Kufu.

It is believed that it have taken 100,000 labours about 20 years to build this pyramid, using an estimated 2.3 millon blocks and is one of the seven wonder of the earth. The Egyptian king Khufu was the second king of the fourth Dynasty who made a worlds greatest Pyramid at Giza with ancient Egyptian technology .King Khufu was born on c.2609BC. He rules on Egypt during the fourth dynasty, from 2589 BC, to 2566 BC. Khufu's pyramid was the tallest man made structure in the world for over 3,800 yeras and is the last survivor ofthe seven wonders of the world.

Bill Gates from tic-tac-toe to latest Microsoft Windows.

Bill Gates (William Henry Gates ) was born in octobur 28,1955 in Seattle, Washington. His family was upper middle class. His father was a prominent lawyer. At age of 13 he enrolled in Lakeside school. Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in basic. He wrote his first computer program on this machine an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. After his administrators became aware of his programming abilities, Gates wrote the school's computer program to schedule studentsin classes.Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. In 1974 Gates and Allen saw the release of MITS Altair 8800 based on the 8080 CPU. And Gates and Allen saw this as the opportunity to start their own computer software company and on November 26,1976 , the trade name "Microsoft" was registered with the office of the Secretary of the New Mexico.In 1980,IBM approached Microsoft to write the basic interpreter for personal computer.Gates processed 86-DOS for operating system and delivered it to IBM as PC-dos for aone time fee $50,000.On November 20,1985 he launched its retail version of Microsoft Windows.

Taj Mahal belongs to Queen Mumtaj.

Taj Mahal is located in Agra, India, build by king Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaj. Queen Mumtaj died during the birth of their fourteenth child. One year after her death Taj Mahal began to construct in 1632 and the principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later. The court chronicles of Shah Jahan's grif illustrate the love story traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal.
Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the Taj Mahal in these words:

Should guilty seek asylum here,
Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin.
Should a sinner make his way to this mansion,
All his past sins are to be washed away.
The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs,
And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes.
In this world this edifice has been made,
To display thereby the creator's glory.

Voyages of Christopher Columbus.

Christopher Columbus was born between 25 August and 31 October 1451 in Genoa ,Italy. His father was Domenico Clombo, a middle-class wool weaver. In may 1476 he took part in an armed convoy sent by Genoa to carry a valuable cargo to nothern Europe. He docked in Bristol, England, Galway, Ireland and in Iceland. He first married with Filipa Moniz Perestrello 1478 but Filipa died in 1485 so Columbus may have simply left his wife. Later in 1487 he found a mistress Beatriz Enriquez de Arana. Europe had long enjoyed a safe passage to China and India to tranport goods as silk ,spices,opiates etc .But later the land route to asia under the hegemony of the Mongol Empire became more difficult.Than his brother and friends had developed a plan to travel to the Indies, then construed roughly as all of south east Asia, by sailing directly west across the Atlantic Ocean. At that time Europians thought Earth was flat but Christopher believed that the Earth was spherical and small and can easilly reached to Asia by crossing Atlantic Ocean .He made a four trips to find the route to india from west during 1492-1504.In first trip on october 11,1492 he landed off southeastern North America and named San Salvador (Cuba).On a second ,larger expedition with 17 ships and about 1500 men he return Cuba to find gold and capture the Indies and other small islands. On third expedition he set foot foot on the mailland of Amrica.On fourt trip he sailed to Mexico, Honduras ,Panama, Santiago.His conquests included Anatolia, Syria, Phonicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia, and heextended the boundaries of his own empire as far as Punjab,India.At last he return from india on the way to Babylon june 323 BC, he died at the age of 32 in the place of Nebuchadnezzar II.

The Great wall of China

The Great wall of China approxmately 5 meters wide ,7.8 meters high and 8,851.8 kilometers(5,500 miles) long from east to west of China with a history of more than 2000 years.The Great wall is built, rebuilt,and maintained between the 5th century to 16th centuary (220-206BC)by the first Emperor of china,Qin Shi Huang.Little of that wall (290 km) remains were built during the Ming Dynasty to protect the northern borders of the Chinies Empire from Xiongnu attacks. Ancient records reported that at least one million slaves and prisoners of war were used to build this wall. Many labours died from exhaustion and starvation while working on this colossal task. Their blood and bodies were added there to build it.

Great Alexander from Macedonia to India.

Alexander the great was an ancient Greek king of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. He born on july 20,356 Bc,in Pella, The capital of the Macedon. He was son of king Philip II. His mother was Olympias. Aristotle educated Alexander and his companions in medicine, philosophy, morals, religion, logic and art at the age of 13. When he was sixteen years old his tutorship under Aristotle came to an end. In 334Bc, Alexander crossed the Hellespont into Asia. There he thread too lightly early in the war. The Persians were surround them self with eunuchs and concubines,to be a week and loss their land. Than one by one he liberated several Greek towns and capitulated with little or no resistance there.The Battle of the Granicus River in may 334Bc was fought in North wwestern Asia (Turkey). Alexander ultimately fought many of his battles on a river banks of the Granicus River.He crossed the river and attacked immediately and battle started .He defeated and overthrew the Achaemenid Persian Empire,under "kings of king". His conquests included Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia,and he extended the boundaries of his own empire as far as Punjab, India. At last he return from India on the way to Babylon june 323 BC, he died at the age of 32 in the place of Nebuchadnezzar II.

The Great Ashoka and the Mauryan Emperor of India.

Asoka was born in 304 BC, to Mauryan Emperor Bindusara and a relatively lower ranked queen. Ashoka had only one younger brother, Vitthashoka, but, several elder half-brothers. Right from his childhood days Ashoka showed great promise in the field of weaponry skills as well as academics. Asoka grew into an excellent warrior general and an astute statesman. His command on the Mauryan army started growing day by day and because of this, his elder brothers became suspicious of him being favored by Bindusara as the next emperor. The eldest son of Bindusara, Prince Susima, convinced him to send Asoka to Takshashila province to control an uprising caused by the formation of different militias. However, the moment Ashoka reached the province, the militias welcomed him with open arms and the uprising came to an end without any fight. This particular success of Asoka made his elder brothers, especially Susima, more insecure.Susima started inciting Bindusara against Ashoka, who was then sent into exile by the emperor. Asoka went to Kalinga, where he met a Kaurwaki. He fell in love with her and later, made Kaurwaki his second wife. Soon, the province of Ujjain started witnessing a violent uprising. Emperor Bindusara called back Ashoka from the exile and sent him to Ujjain. The prince was injured in the ensuing battle and was treated by Buddhist monks. In Ujjain, he also met Devi, his personal nurse, who later became his wife. In the following year, Bindusura became seriously ill and was literally on his deathbed. A group of ministers, led by Radhagupta, called upon Ashoka to assume the crown. In the fight that followed his accession, Ashoka attacked Pataliputra, now Patna, and killed all his brothers, including Susima. After he became the King, Ashoka launched brutal assaults to expand his empire, which lasted for around eight years. Around this time, his Buddhist queen, Devi, gave birth to Prince Mahindra and Princess Sanghamitra. The battle of Kalinga (now Orissa) became a turning point in the life of 'Asoka the Great'. The exact reason for the battle is not known. However, it is believed that one of Ashoka's brothers took refuge at Kalinga and this enraged Asoka, who launched a brutal assault on the province. The whole of the province was plundered and destroyed and thousands of people were killed. It is said that after the battle of Kalinga was over, King Asoka went on a tour of the city. He could see nothing except burnt houses and scattered corpses. This was the first time in his life that Emperor Ashoka realized the consequences of wars and battles. It is said that even after he had returned to Patliputra, he was haunted by the scenes he saw in Kalinga. Even his queen, Devi, who was a Buddhist, left him after seeing the brutality at Kalinga.It was during this time that he embraced Buddhism under the Brahmin Buddhist sages, Radhaswami and Manjushri. After adopting Buddhism, Asoka started propagating its principles throughout the world, even as far as ancient Rome and Egypt. In fact, he can be credited with making the first serious attempt to develop a Buddhist policy. Buddhist Emperor Asoka built thousands of Stupas and Viharas for Buddhist followers. One of his stupas, the Great Sanchi Stupa, has been declared as a World Heritage Site by UNECSO. The Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath has a four-lion capital, which was later adopted as the national emblem of the modern Indian republic. Throughout his life, 'Asoka the Great' followed the policy of nonviolence or ahimsa. Even the slaughter or mutilation of animals was abolished in his kingdom. He promoted the concept of vegetarianism. The caste system ceased to exist in his eyes and he treated all his subjects as equals. At the same time, each and every person was given the rights to freedom, tolerance, and equality.

Romeo and Juliet.

This play begins from a great fight between the two prestigious families "Capulets and the Montagues", in Verona, Italy. When these families have been fighting for quite some time. Romeo seen very depressed at that time. Benvolio "Romeo`s cousin" tried to find the source of Romeo’s problems. Romeo reveals that he is in love with a woman named Rosaline and she does not return any man’s affection because she wants to live a life of chastity.
On the other side, Prince "Paris" put a desire to marry Juliet with Capulet "mother`s of Juliet". Capulet is happy about this request, but he insists that Paris should wait two years because Juliet is just 13 years old yet. Capulet tries to console Paris by saying that he is throwing a party that would serve as the perfect place for Paris to woo Juliet. Capulet gives a guest list to a servant named Peter and tells him to invite the guests. But Peter cannot read Fortunately, Romeo and Benvolio wander by at that moment and Romeo reads the list. Peter feels relieved and invites Romeo and Mercutio to the feast. Romeo agrees only because he saw Rosaline’s name on the list.
At the party, Romeo, Benvolio, and their friend Mercutio gather with other guests. The feast begins and all is well. Capulet greets all his guests and everybody is having a wonderful time. Than Lady Capulet tells the Nurse to bring Juliet. When Juliet enters and across the room. Romeo locks eyes with a beautiful Juliet. Romeo is so smitten by Juliet’s beauty. Romeo sin Juliet something through his eyes. Romeo happily takes his sin back. Romeo learns that Juliet is the daughter of his mortal enemy just as Benvolio tells him it is time to leave.
Romeo feels compelled to stay at Juliet’s house because that is where his heart belongs. He climbs over the wall and into the orchard and hides in the Capulet’s orchard and sees Juliet in her window.When Juliet see him at first, she become slightly angry to know that he invaded her private lamentations. Juliet demands to know why he is there and how he got there. Romeo tells her that the power of his love helped him climb the high walls, and Juliet’s demeanor softens. Romeo and Juliet proclaim their love to one another, They instantly fall in love, but they do not realize that their families are mortal enemies.
Next day Benvolio and Mercutio asked Romeo where he was last night. At that mean time Juliet`s Nurse and Peter enter there. Romeo tells the Nurse that Juliet must find a way to go to church than they will be wed. Then after Romeo and his friends wait for Juliet in Friar Lawrence’s cell. Juliet enters the cell, where she and Romeo exchange their vows of love. Soon Tybalt and his men enter there. However, Romeo wishes to keep the peace but Mercutio and Tybalt draws theirs sword and the two begin to duel. Soon Romeo and Tybalt engage in a sword fight, and Tybalt falls down dead. And they all leave from there. After that Prince proclaims that if Romeo is found within Verona’s walls, he shall be killed.
Juliet impatiently waits for nighttime to fall so she can be with Romeo. Juliet gives the Nurse her ring to give to Romeo. Romeo hides in Friar Lawrence’s cell with high temper until the Nurse arrives. The Nurse convinces him to stand up and “be a man” for Juliet’s sake. The Nurse informs him that she weeps for him very much. she gives Romeo Juliet’s ring.
Paris returns to the Capulet’s house late on Monday night to see what Juliet said of their potential marriage. Capulet assumes that Juliet will obey him, and he tells Paris that they will be married on Thursday.
Monday night Romeo and Juliet spent whole night together. Tuesday morning Lord Capulet ent threatens her and tells her that she will marry Paris. Juliet tries to plea with her mother, but Lady Capulet will not listen. She says that if she cannot avoid this marriage, she will certainly kill herself. Capulet decides to hold the wedding on Wednesday instead of Thursday.
On Tuesday night Juliet tells her mother and the Nurse that she does not need any more help and that she wishes to be left alone. Juliet is afraid to drink the potion because she is scared that if the potion will not work than she will have to marry Paris in the morning. Finally, She drinks the potion and falls down as if dead.
Capulet, Lady Capulet, the Nurse, and the servants make the last minute preparations for the wedding. Capulet announces that Paris has arrived and sends the Nurse to Juliet’s room to prepare her for the wedding. The Nurse cheerfully enters Juliet’s chambers and tries to wake her. At first, she thinks that Juliet is heavily asleep, but she soon comes to the conclusion that Juliet is dead. Soon after, Lady Capulet rushes into the room and screams for help upon her realization. Capulet, Paris, Friar Lawrence, and the musicians enter the room, and chaos ensues. Friar Lawrence tries to console them by saying that Juliet is in Heaven now. Capulet states that their happy wedding celebration will now be transformed into a mournful funeral.
Thursday morning Romeo is waiting to hear news from Verona. Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead, he saw her corpse in the Capulet vault. Overcome with grief, Romeo get some poison to leave this world with Juliet.
Romeo tells Balthasar that he is just going inside to retrieve Juliet’s ring, and Romeo tells him to leave lest he be killed. Paris tries to stop Romeo from entering . Romeo kill Paris and enter inside and stands next to Juliet and marvels at how beautiful she is, even in death. He kisses her for the last time, drinks his poison, and dies by her.
Friar Lawrence arrives. He sees that Paris is dead, as is Romeo. To Friar Lawrence’s horror, he know that he gave Juliet a sleeping medicine instead potion, meanwhile he hear people approaching and Juliet awakens.
Juliet sees that Romeo is dead and he did not leave any poison for her. She kisses him for the last time and plunges a dagger into her heart. Just as she dies.They discover that their true love never end and their love is forever.
Friar Lawrence relates the entire story. He asks to receive his rightful blame, Balthasar and the page give their sides of the story.They reads Romeo’s letter to his father. Capulet and Montague shake hands and end the feud that caused so many innocent people to die.

Author: William Shakespeare

"love u forever"

The Great Mongolian Emperor "Genghis Khan".

Genghis Khan was born in north central Mongolia and named "Temujin".Temujin was born with a blood clot in his hand, a sign in Mongol folklore that he was destined to become a leader. His father Yesukhei and mother Hoelun, taught him the grim reality of living in turbulent Mongol tribal society and the need for alliances. When he was 9, his father took him to live with the family of his future bride, Borte. On the return trip home, Yesukhei encountered members of the rival Tatar tribe, who invited him to a conciliatory meal, where he was poisoned for past transgressions against the Tatars. So on his father was died, Then the pressure on the family was great, and in a dispute over the spoils of a hunting expedition. At 16, he married Borte. Borte was kidnapped by the rival Merkit tribe and given to a chieftain as a wife.Genghis Khan was able to rescue her and soon after she gave birth to her first son, Jochi. He had four sons and many other children with other wives. When he was about 20, he was captured in a raid by former family allies. He escaped with the help of a sympathetic captor and joined his brothers and several other clansmen to form a fighting unit. Temujin began his slow ascent to power by building a large army of more than 20,000 men. He set out to destroy traditional divisions among the various tribes and unite the Mongols under his rule. Through a combination of outstanding military tactics and merciless brutality, Genghis Khan avenged his father's murder by decimating the Tatar army and ordered the killing of every Tatar male less than 3 feet tall. And had all the Taichi'ut chiefs boiled alive. By 1206, He also had defeated the powerful Naiman tribe, thus giving him control of central and eastern Mongolia.The early success of the Mongol army owed much to the brilliant military tactics of Genghis Khan and his understanding of his enemies' motivations.The well-trained Mongol army of 80,000 fighters coordinated their advance with a sophisticated signaling system of smoke and burning torches. Every soldier was fully equipped with bow, arrows, shield, dagger, and lasso. He also carried large saddlebags for food, tools, and spare clothes.The saddlebag was waterproof and could be inflated to serve as a life preserver when crossing deep and swift-moving rivers. Following the victories over the rival Mongol tribes, other tribal leaders agreed to peace and bestowed on Temujin the title of "Genghis Khan," which means "universal ruler." Genghis Khan wasted no time in capitalizing on his divine stature. Although the campaign against the Jin Dynasty lasted nearly 20 years, Genghis Khan's armies were also active in the west against border empires and the Muslim world. Initially, Genghis Khan used diplomacy to establish trade relations with the Khwarizm Dynasty, a Turkish-dominated empire that included Turkestan, Persia, and Afghanistan. Genghis Khan died in 1227 soon after the submission of the Xi Xia. Before his death, Genghis Khan bestowed supreme leadership to his son Ogedei, who controlled most of eastern Asia, including China.The rest of the empire was divided among his other sons.

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, India. He was the son of Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai. At the age of 13 he was married to one year older Kasturbai.He passed the matriculation exam from Samaldas College of Bhavnagar Gujarat. On 4th September 1888, he traveled to England to study law at the university College London and to train as a barrister. In 1893 he went to South Africa.In 1906, the Transvaal government of South Africa launched a new act forcing registration of Indian population.There his methodology of Satyagraha was adopted by thousands of his followers.Thousands of Indians were jailed including him, beaten and punished for striking and refusing to register.At last the government compromise with Gandhi after more than of 7 years struggle.In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India. In india he saw the condition of farmers was very worse. The British power forced to grow cash crops instead of food crops necessary for their survival.They imposing taxes and leaving in an abject poverty.He organised a detailed study and survey of the villages, accounting for the atrocities and terrible episodes of suffering, including the general state of degenerate living. Building the confidence of villagers, he began leading the cleanup of villages, building of schools and hospitals and encouraging the village leadership to undo and condemn many social evils. And he was arrested by police on the charge of creating unrest and was ordered to leave the province. Than thousands of people protested and rallied outside the jail, police stations and courts demanding his release.Then he organized an strikes against the British government for signed an agreement granting the poor farmers of the region more compensation and control over farming until the famine ended. Gandhi felt an immediate need of a self-controlled government.Gandhi employed non-cooperation, non-violence and peaceful resistance against the British rule. He encouraged people to it. He also encouraged people to wear khadi clothes instead of foreign made clothes. Gandhi himself wore a traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, which he himself spun on a Charkha. There he got a big success nationwide and people from all sectors, including women of India participated in it. Gandhi was arrested in March and was send to 6 years imprisonment.When he was in prision the Indian National Congress split into two parts and struggle among Hindu and Muslims also took during this period.He was released in February 1924. Gandhi launched a new Satyagraha protesting the tax on salt. He marched from Ahmadabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt himself. Thousands of Indian people joined him in this 400km march which was marked as his most successful campaign against the British hold. n the history of Indian Independence struggle in which thousands of freedom fighters were killed, imprisoned and injured and violent clashes broke in every part of India. The demand this time was a complete freedom and immediate exit of the British from India.Gandhi and the committee of congress were arrested on 9 August 1942, and Gandhi was held in Aga Khan Palace for 2 years. During that period his wife Kasturba Gandhi died after 18 months of prison on 22 February 1944. At the end of the world war, India became free from British Government. Against the wish of Gandhi, British India broke into two parts, an Independent India and Pakistan.On Fri, January 30, 1948 a young man rushed from the crowd fired three shots from pistol. Within minutes Gandhi was dead. The killer was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who believed it was wrong for Gandhi to associate with Muslims.Gandhi's life and death torched people all over the world. His lessons of nonviolence, passive resistance, and civil disobedience would live on well beyond his life.
"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others."
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.......

Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein was born in the village of Al-Awja, in the Tikrit in Iraq on 28 April 1937.His father disappeared six months before Saddam was born and his mother remarried and died during childbirth . He was raised up with his uncle. Kharaillah Tulfah, a retired army officer. After secondary school Saddam studied at an Iraqi law school for three years, dropping out in 1957 at the age of 20 joins the revolutionary pan-Arab Ba'ath Party.In 1963 Saddam married Talfah's daughter Sajida.Saddam was imprisoned in 1964. He escaped from prison in 1967 and quickly became a leading member of the party.By 1969 Saddam Hussein clearly had become the moving force behind the party.After this Saddam moved up a leading role in addressing the country's major domestic problems. On 1 June 1972, Saddam oversaw the seizure of international oil interests.A year later, world oil prices rose dramatically. Under his auspices, the government established universal free schooling up to the highest education levels. Hundreds and thousands of learned to read in the years following the initiation of the program. The government also supported families of soldiers, granted free hospitalization to everyone, and gave subsidies to farmers. Iraq created one of the most modernized public-health systems. Saddam implemented a national infrastructure campaign that made great progress in building roads, promoting mining, and developing other industries.In 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces.Saddam acted to secure his grip on power. He forced the ailing al-Bakr to resign. By 1 August 1979, hundreds of high-ranking Ba'ath party members had been executed. An assembly was organized on 22 July 1979.Many members were la-belled "disloyal" and were removed from the room one by one and taken into custody. The 68 people arrested , 22 were sentenced to execution. Saddam's government gave women added freedoms and offered them high-level government and industry jobs.The domestic political equation changed in the U.S after the September 11,2001 attacks.The United States take action to the Iraqi government because of its weapons of mass destruction, to develop anthrax, and nerve gas, and nuclear weapons. By the beginning of April, U.S.-led forces occupied much of Iraq.Than Saddam had lost control of Iraq.When Baghdad fell to U.S-led forces on 9 April, Saddam was nowhere to be found.In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed . U.S forces found Saddam Hussein hidden by a small remote farmhouse some 12 kilometers south of Tikrit. Saddam was hanged on the first day of Eid ul-Adha,on 30 December 2006.Then his life ends for ever.........
Remember that God has enabled you to become an example of love, forgiveness and brotherly coexistence ... I call on you not to hate because hate does not leave a space for a person to be fair and it makes you blind and closes all doors of thinking and keeps away one from balanced thinking and making the right choice......................... Saddam Hussein.